Why synthetic detergents are prepared

Which environmental phenomenon has been linked to synthetic chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons CFCs? Terms of Use. SBI Clerk. SBI PO. IBPS Clerk. Forgot Password? Synthetic detergents are prepared from. Answer: C hydrocarbons of petroleum Explanation:. Related Questions. Report Error Kindly mention the details of the error here Which is the largest uranium producing country in the world? By clicking sign up, you agree to receive emails from Corrosionpedia and agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.

A synthetic detergent is any synthetic substance, other than soap, that is an effective cleanser and functions equally well as a surface-active agent in hard or soft water. It is a non-soap cleanser that exerts its effect by lowering the surface tension of an aqueous cleansing mixture.

A synthetic detergent is a cleansing substance that acts similarly to soap, but is made from chemical compounds instead of fats and lye.

These detergents were developed in order to overcome some of soap's shortcomings, such as soap's inability to lather in hard or acidic environments, as it is reliant on fats and oils.

These substances are usually alkylbenzenesulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water, because the polar sulfonate of detergents is less likely than the polar carboxyl of soap to bind to calcium and other ions found in hard water. Synthetic detergents can be made from petrochemicals, fats and oils. Detergents are commonly available as powders or concentrated solutions.

Synthetic detergent molecules generally consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. The hydrophobic, long hydrocarbon chain tail of the detergent molecule is attracted to particles of oil or grease by dispersion forces. The hydrophilic, charged or polar head of the detergent molecule is attracted to water molecules. Which among the following pairs is not correctly matched? Which among the following had not been discovered by the time when Mendeleev published his periodic table?

Which among the following is called the 'Fool's Gold'? Which type of chemical reaction is responsible for turning the rocks red or yellowish? Suggested Test Series.

General Science Booster - Get your knowledge on track. Suggested Exams. More General Science Questions Q1. What is Rodenticide? Common examples of the former include Tween, Triton, and the Brij series. These materials are also known as ethoxylates or PEGylates and their metabolites, nonylphenol. Glycosides have a sugar as their uncharged hydrophilic headgroup.

Examples include octyl thioglucoside and maltosides. CHAPS is an abbreviation for 3-[ 3- ch olamidopropyl dimethyl a mmonio] p ropane s ulfonate. Laundry detergent , or washing powder , is a type of detergent cleaning agent used for cleaning laundry. Laundry detergent is manufactured in powder and liquid form.

While powdered and liquid detergents hold roughly equal share of the worldwide laundry detergent market in terms of value, powdered detergents are sold twice as much compared to liquids in terms of volume.

Source Wikipedia. Builders also called chelating or sequestering agents are water softeners. Hard water contains calcium, magnesium, and metallic cations primarily, iron, copper, and manganese.

These cations react with surfactant anions to form insoluble compounds metallic or lime soaps which precipitate onto fabrics and washing machines and which are difficult to remove. Builders remove the hard water ions through precipitation, chelation, or ion exchange. In addition, they help remove soil by dispersion. In most European regions, the water is hard. In North America, Brazil, and Japan, the water is comparatively soft.

The earliest builders were sodium carbonate washing soda and sodium silicate waterglass. These agents are now known to have serious environmental consequences leading to a drive towards more environmentally benign phosphorus-free agents, such as polycarboxylates EDTA, NTA , citrates trisodium citrate , silicates sodium silicate , gluconic acid and polyacrylic acid; or ion exchange agents like zeolites.

Surfactants are responsible for most of the cleaning performance in laundry detergent. They provide this by absorption and emulsification of soil into the water and also by reducing the water's surface tension to improve wetting. Laundry detergents contain mostly anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Cationic surfactants are normally incompatible with anionic detergents and have poor cleaning efficiency; they are employed only for certain special effects, as fabric softeners, antistatic agents, and biocides.

Zwitterionic surfactants are rarely employed in laundry detergents mainly for cost reasons. Most detergents use a combination of various surfactants to balance their performance. Despite the name, modern laundry bleaches do not include household bleach sodium hypochlorite.

Laundry bleaches are typically stable adducts of hydrogen peroxide , such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate , these are inactive as solids but will release hydrogen peroxide upon exposure to water. The main targets of bleaches are oxidisible organic stains, which are usually of vegetable origin e. The development of bleach activators in the s and 80s allowed for cooler washing temperatures to be effective. These compounds, such as tetraacetylethylenediamine TAED , react with hydrogen peroxide to produce peracetic acid , which is an even more effective bleach, particularly at lower temperatures.